-
1 εὕρημα
A invention, discovery, thing discovered not by chance but by thought, Hp.VM4; ; πολλῶν λόγων εὑρήμαθ' E.Hec. 250, cf.Ar.Nu. 561, Pl.Tht. 150d, al.; τύμπανα, Ῥέας.. εὑ. E.Ba.59, cf. HF 188; τὰ τῶν ἰατρῶν εὑ. D.26.26; opp. ὑπηρέτημα, Antiphoi. 15.2 c. gen., invention for or against a thing, remedy,τῆσδε συμφορᾶς E.Hipp. 716
.II that which is found unexpectedly, i.e. much like Ἕρμαιον (q.v.), piece of good luck, windfall, Hdt.7.155; εὕ. εὕρηκε ib.10. δ', 8.109; εὕ... κάλλιστον εὕρηκ' E.Heracl. 533;εὕ... οἷον ηὕρηκας τόδε Id.Med. 716
, cf. 553;εὑρήμασι πλούσιος ἐγένετο Hdt.7.190
;εὕ. γίγνεται τόδε E.El. 606
;ἐκείνοις δὲ δυστυχοῦσι εὕ. εἶναι διακινδυνεῦσαι Th.5.46
;εὕ. ἐδόκει εἶναι X.An.7.3.13
, cf. Is.9.26, Herod.6.30, etc.III (in form εὕρεμα) sum realized by a sale, SIG1012.11 (Cos, ii/i B.C.); cf. ἀφ-, ὑπερεύρεμα. -
2 χρεία
χρεία (written [full] χρέα PCair.Zen.25.2, 148 (iii B. C.)), [dialect] Ion. [full] χρείη Call. in PSI11.1216.43, ἡ: ([etym.] χράομαι, κέχρημαι):—A need, want,χρείας ὕπο A.Th. 287
; ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας considering in what great need we are, S.OT 1443; χρείᾳ πολεμεῖν to war with necessity, Id.OC 191 (anap.): c. gen., want of.., ;ἐν χρείᾳ τύχης Id.Th. 506
; ἐν χρείᾳ δορός in the need or stress of war, S.Aj. 963;φορβῆς χρείᾳ Id.Ph. 162
(anap.), cf. 1004: ἵππων ἡμῖν χρεία μὲν οὔτε τις πολλῶν οὔτε πολλή [ἐστιν] Pl.Lg. 834b; ἦ μὴν ἔτ' ἐμοῦ χρείαν ἕξει will have need of my help, A.Pr. 170 (anap.), cf. Call.l.c.; ἀφίκοντο εἰς χρείαν τῆς πόλεως came to feel the need of its assistance, Pl.Mx. 244d; ἰατρῶν ἐν χρείαις ἐσόμεθα, ἐν χρείᾳ ἡγεμόνος εἶναι, Pl.R. 373d, 566e;ὅτου σε χ. ἔχει S.Ph. 646
; so τίς χ. σ' ἐμοῦ [ἔχει]; E.Hec. 976, cf.χρεώ 1.2
: χρείαν ἔχω, c. inf., Ev.Matt.3.14 (folld. by ( ίνα, Ev.Jo.2.25); signfs.1.1 and 111 in the same sentence, οὐχ οὕτως χ. ἔχομεν τῆς χ. παρὰ τῶν φίλων ὡς .. Epicur.Sent.Vat.34: prov., χ. διδάσκει, κἂν βραδύς τις ᾖ, σοφόν ' necessity is the mother of invention', E.Fr. 715, cf.El. 376, Men.263: pl., ;αἱ τοῦ σώματος χ. X. Mem.3.12.5
;πρώτη γε καὶ μεγίστη τῶν χ. ἡ τῆς τροφῆς παρασκευή Pl.R. 369d
;αἱ ἀναγκαῖαι χ. D.23.148
, cf. 45.67 (sg.);πολεμικαὶ χ. Arist. Pol. 1328b11
.3 a request of necessity, opp. ἀξίωσις (a claim of merit), Th.1.37, cf. 33: generally, request,τὴν πρίν γε χ. ἠνύσασθ' ἐμοῦ πάρα A.Pr. 700
; κἀγὼ.. τοιάνδε σου χ. ἔχω make such a request of or to thee, Id.Ch. 481.II business, ὡς πρὸς τί χρείας; for what purpose? S.OT 1174, cf. 1435; ;δοῦναι ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν χ. Plb.8.16.11
.b esp. military or naval service, ἡ πολεμικὴ χ. καὶ ἡ εἰρηνική the employments of war and of peace, Arist.Pol. 1254b32; αἱ κατὰ θάλατταν [χ.], ἡ ἐν τῇ γῇ χ., Plb.6.52.1, 31.21.3; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν χ. Aristeas 110, LXX 1 Ma.12.45;οἱ πρὸς ταῖς χ. Ju.12.10
; (i B. C.); in military sense, action, engagement,αἱ κατὰ μέρος χ. Plb.1.84.7
, al.c generally, business, employment, function, Id.3.45.2, etc.; ἡ ἐγκεχειρισμένη χ. the duty assigned, PTeb.741.11 (ii B. C.);οὓς καταστήσομεν ἐπὶ τῆς χ. ταύτης Act.Ap.6.3
;χ. πολιτικαί Plu.Mar. 32
, etc.d a business, affair, matter, like χρέος, Plb.2.49.9, al.; τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων χ. the study of these things, Epicur.Ep.1p.29U.e χ. ἀναγκαία need of nature, D.S.4.33;τροφῆς χ. Ph.2.472
.III use,1 as a property, use, advantage, service,χρείης εἵνεκα μηδεμιῆς Thgn.62
;τῆς χ. τοῦ παιδὸς ἀποστερηθῆναι Antipho 3.3.4
;ἡ χ. τῆς ῥητορικῆς Pl.Grg. 480a
;πωλοῦντες τὴν τῆς ἰσχύος χ. Id.R. 371e
; χρείαν ἔχειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις to be of service to mankind, Id.Smp. 204c; τὰ οὐδὲν εἰς χρείαν things of no use or service, D.Prooem. 56.3; χρείαν ἔχει εἴς τι is of service towards.., Sosip.1.41; for S.OT 725, v. ἐρευνάω 1: pl., χρεῖαι.. φίλων ἀνδρῶν services rendered by them, Pi.N.8.42; χρείας παρέχεσθαι render services, Decr. ap. D.18.84, IG22.654.15, cf. Plb.1.16.8 (sg.); ἵνα σοι τὰς χ. παρέσχωμαι (sic) PCair.Zen. 498 (iii B. C.);μεγάλην παρεῖχε χ. τοῖς κοινοῖς πράγμασιν Plb.3.97.4
; παρέχειν χ. to be serviceable, useful, Aristo Stoic.1.79;ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακόσια χρειῶν γένη παρέχον δένδρον Plu.2.724e
;χ. ναυτικαί
equipments,Ael.
VH2.10.2 as an action, using, use,κτῆσις καὶ χ. X.Mem.2.4.1
, Pl.R. 451c; ἐν χρείᾳ εἶναι in use, Id.Phd. 87c; κατὰ τὴν χ. for use, Id.R. 330c;πρὸς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην χ. X.Mem.4.2.25
; ἡ χ. τῶν λόγων the employment of words, Pl.Sph. 239d, cf. Plt. 272d: pl., λάμπει γὰρ ἐν χρείαισιν ὥσπερ.. χαλκός is made bright by constant use, S.Fr. 864.IV of persons, familiarity, intimacy, τινος with one, Antipho 5.63: generally, any relation of business or intercourse, ;ἡ πρὸς ἀλλήλους χ. Arist.Rh. 1376b13
; [Νικόμαχος] συνεβίω Ἀμυντᾳ.. ἰατροῦ καὶ φίλου χρείᾳ
in the relationship, capacity,D.L.
5.1.V Rhet., pregnant sentence, maxim, freq. illustrated by an anecdote, Sen.Ep.33.7, Hermog.Prog.3, Aphthon,Prog.3, Theon Prog.5, etc.: pl., title of works by Zeno (D.L.6.91), Aristipp., etc.; by Macho, a collection of sayings of courtesans, Ath.13.577d;ἡ τοῦ Κλεομένους χ. Plu.2.218a
; χρεῖαι καὶ ἱστορίαι ib.78f. -
3 ἐνθύμημα
-ατος τό N 3 0-1-22-1-4=28 1 Chr 28,9; Jer 3,17; 7,24; Ez 14,5.7thought, piece of reasoning, argument 1 Chr 28,9; invention, device, imagination Ez 14,7*Mal 2,16 τὰ ἐνθυμήματά σου your thoughts corr.? τὰ ἐνδύματά σου your garments for MT ושׁלבו one’s garment; *Ps 118(119),118 ἐνθύμημα (αὐτῶν) (their) thought-תרעיתם? for MT תרמיתם their cunning -
4 καταβολή
καταβολ-ή, ἡ,A throwing down: hence, sowing, Corp.Herm.9.6; esp. of begetting, κ. σπέρματος, σπερμάτων, Philol.13, Luc.Am.19, cf. Ep.Hebr.11.11, Arr.Epict.1.13.3; ἡ Ῥωμύλου σπορὰ καὶ κ. Plu.2.320b.c Astrol., nativity, ἡ ἐξ ἀρχῆς κ. Vett.Val.220.29, al.2 paying down, esp. by instalments, καταβάλλειν τὰς κ. D.59.27; τὸ ἀργύριον ἔφερε καταβολὴν τῇ πόλει paid money as a deposit (by way of caution), Docum.ib.37.22, cf.IG12(7).515.26 (Amorgos, ii B. C.), UPZ 112v12 (pl., ii B. C.), etc.;ἔχειν τῆς γῆς.. καταβολήν
liability for rent,PEleph.
23.17 (iii B. C.): pl., instalments, PLips.12.17 (iii A. D.), etc.II laying of a foundation: hence, building, structure, LXX2 Ma.2.29;τῆς ἀρχιτεκτονίας Bito 49.2
;ἔργου J.AJ12.2.9
: but usu. metaph.,1 foundation, beginning,ἱερῶν ἀγώνων Pi.N.2.4
;τῆς περιόδου Arist.Mete. 352b15
;κ. ἐποιεῖτο καὶ θεμέλιον ὑπεβάλλετο τυραννίδος Plb.13.6.2
;κ. κόσμου Ev.Matt.13.35
,Ep.Eph.1.4;κ.κοσμική Cat.Cod.Astr.8(3).138
(Thessal.);ἡ πρώτη κ. τῆς φιλοσόφου θεωρίας Procl.
in Alc.Praef.p.8C.; ἐκ καταβολῆς from the foundations: hence, anew, σκάφη ἐκ κ. ἐναυπηγοῦντο, of fresh construction, Plb.1.36.8; ἐκ κ. πλάττων, of pure invention, Id.15.25.35: hence, of set purpose, deliberately, Id.1.47.7, 24.8.9.III periodical attack of illness, fit,τῆς ἀσθενείας Pl.Grg. 519a
, cf.κατηβολή; πυρετοῦ D.9.29
, Ph.1.399, 2.563, cf. Aristid.Or.50(26).59, Id.2.166J.; trance, Poll.1.16; cf. Lat. catabolicus.IV detraction, abuse, Phld.Rh.2.56S.: pl., Ph.2.571 codd.V perh. outer wrapper (cf.κατάβλημα 11.4
) of a bandage, Hp.Off.9.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταβολή
-
5 ἐπιτέχνησις
A contrivance for a purpose, invention, Th.1.71, Arist.Mu. 398b10, Ph.1.296 ;τολμήματα καὶ -ήσεις παρασχέσθαι εἴς τινα Paus.1.6.6
; artifice, in speaking, D.H.Is.3 ; artificial preparation,ψυχρῶν ὑδάτων Ath.3.124e
, cf. Antyll. ap. Orib.10.2.2 ;αἱ δι' -ήσεως κομμώσεις Ath.13.568a
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιτέχνησις
-
6 ἀττάρυμα
Grammatical information: n.?Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: R.A. Brown, Pre-Greek Speech, 1985, 35 thinks it means `a drink; a Cretan invention (specialty)'. He derives it from the place name ῎Απταρα (with Cretan assimilation). He considers, with Latte, a mistake for *ἀτταρικά.Page in Frisk: --Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀττάρυμα
-
7 θῠσανος
θῠσανοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `tassels, fringe' (Il.)Other forms: gew. pl. - οι; on θυσσανόεις s. belowDerivatives: θυσσανόεις (Il.; on - σσ- s. below), θυσανωτός (Hdt., J.) `framed with tassels', θυσανώδης `tassel-like' (Thphr.), - ηδόν adv. `id.' (Ael.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Technical word in - ανος (Chantraine Formation 200). Acc. to Persson Beitr. 1, 45 from *θύσσα, from *θύθ-ι̯α, identical with Latv. duša `bundle of straw etc.'; IE *dhudh-i̯ă. A primary yot-present in θύσσεται τινάσσεται H, but Latte states that the word is an invention of grammarians to explain θύσανος. Skt. dúdhi- `tempestuous' and several Germ. words; s. Pok. 264f., but the meaning of these words is far off; a separate IE * dhudh- can hardly be reconstructed. - Older suggestions in Bq. - The word seems hardly IE. The variation σ\/σσ rather points to Pre-Greek (Fur. 387, who refers to e.g. ᾽Ὀδυσ(σ)εύς), which is understandable for a word of this meaning.Page in Frisk: 1,697Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θῠσανος
-
8 λόφος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `neck of drawing animals and men, crest of a helmet, crest of a hill' (Il.), also `crest or tuft on the head of birds, of feathers or flesh' (Simon., Hdt., Ar., Arist.).Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. γή-, γεώ-λοφος `earth-hill' (Pl., X.) with illuminating first member (Risch IF 59, 268); rarely as 1. member, e.g. (τὰ) λόφουρα `with crest-like tail', of drawing-animals and animals of burden (horses, asses, τὰ ὑποζύγια) as opposed to ruminants (Arist., Thphr., hell. inscr.). - Side-form λόφη f. `comb' (D.S.; after κόμη?).Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: λόφιον `small crest of helmet' (sch.), λοφίδιον `small hill' (Ael.). Other substant.: 2. λοφιά, Ion. - ιή f. `comb for manes, hair-, breast, back-fin etc.' (τ 446, also Hdt., Arist.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 72 f.); 3. λοφεῖον `crest-case' (Ar.), also λοφίς περικεφαλαίας θήκη H. 4. λοφίας m. `fish with back-fins', denomination of the φάγρος (Numen. ap. Ath.; like ἀκανθίας a.o., Chantraine Formation 94), also the first dorsal vertebra' (Poll.); in the last meaning also λοφαδίας (Poll.; *λοφάς, - άδιος); λοφιήτης m. `inhabitant of a hill' (AP, of Pan, after πολιήτης). 5. λόφωσις m. `crest ornament' (Ar. Av. 291; cf. ἀέτωσις [s. αἰετός]). - 6. Adjectives: λοφώδης `crest-like, hilly' (Arist.), λοφόεις `crested, hilly' (Tryph., Nonn.). - 7. Verbs: λοφάω `be crested' (Babr., Ar., H.; after κομάω, Leumann Hom. Wörter 307 n. 77); λοφίζω `have the λ. in the hight' (Zonar.); λοφόομαι `rise, form a hill' (Eust.). -- 8. Hypostasis: καταλοφάδεια adv. `hanging down from the neck' (κ 169 with metr. conditioned - εια, cf. κατωμάδιος, κατωμαδόν; Chantraine Form. 39, Gramm. hom. 1, 101 u. 176).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As both Alc. (Z 65) and Hdt. (1, 171) consider the helmet-crest as a Carian invention, Schulze Q. 257, 4 sees in λόφος as `crest of the helmet' a Carian LW [loanword], which he, certainly wrongly, wants to separate from λόφος `neck'. - An acceptable connection gives Toch. A lap `head' (Schulze Kl. Schr. 252); CSl. ORuss. lъbъ `skull' with OCS lъbьnъ `belonging to the skull' (with Russ. lob `front', Ukr. ɫob `front, head') presents serious difficulties because of the vowel. Uncertain Illyr. PN Otto-(Atto-)lobus (Mayer Glotta 32, 83). - Lit. in Vasmer Wb. s. lob, Sadnik-Aitzetmüller Hwb. zu den aksl. Texten 264 (No. 486), v. Windekens Lex. étym. s. lap. Wrong IE etymologies are rejected by Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,139-140Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λόφος
-
9 μηχανή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `means, tool, contrivance, apparatus, machine, device' (IA, Dor.).Other forms: Dor. μαχανά.Compounds: Compp., e.g. μηχανο-ποιός `machine-builder, engineer, machinist' (Att.), ἀ-μήχανος (Dor. - ά-) `without means etc., helpless; who cannot be helped with means, irresistible, impossible' (Il.; partly associated with μηχανάομαι) with ἀμηχαν-ία, - ίη (ι 295), - έω (Ion.).Derivatives: 1. Uncertain Μαχα-νεύς surn. of Zeus (Argos, Tanagra, Cos, since Va; s.v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 172), also name of a month (Corcyra), Μαχανεῖος name of a month (Chalcedon); Μαχαν-ίς surn. of Athena (Cos), - ῖτις surn. of Aphrodite and Athena (Megalopolis). -- 2. μηχανιώτης `contriver', of Hermes (h. Merc. 436; after ἀγγελι-ώτης a.o., Zumbach Neuerungen 7). -- 3. μηχανάριος `machinist' (pap.). -- 4. μηχαν-όεις `full of means, inventive' (S.), - ικός `id., belonging to machines, mechanical', subst. `machinebuilder' (X., Arist.; Chantraine Études 101 a. 141). -- 5. μηχάνωμα (Dor. μα-) n. `apparatus, crane' (Thphr., Delphi; enlarged from μηχανη, Chantraine Form. 187). -- 6. Denomin. μηχανάομαι (- άω), aor. μηχανήσασθαι etc., also with prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, ἀντι-, προσ-, `realize, construct, manufacture artificially, devise (with ruse)' (Il.); from this μηχάν-ημα `invention, apparatus, mechanical device' (Hp., D., trag.), - ησις `id.' (Hp., Plb.), - ητής m. `inventor of warmaschines' (Sch.), - ητικός `inventive' (X.). -- Besides μῆχαρ n. indecl. `means, tool' (A., Lyc.), μῆχος (Dor. μᾶ-) n. `id.' (Il., also Hdt.), both as opposed to μηχανή dying words without compp. a. abl.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Not with Frisk from a heteroclitic *μᾶχαρ, *μάχαν-ος, from which with added -ā (cf. Schwyzer 459) the almost absolute reigning μαχαν-ά, μηχαν-ή arose; accent after the verbal nouna ( φυλακ-ή, κομιδ-ή etc.). Beside the r-n-stem as so often an s -stem, μῆχος. -- As cognate are usually with Osthoff PBBeitr. 15, 211 ff. (after Bopp, Pott a.o.) considered some short-vowel verbal forms with accompanying nouns in Germanic and Slavic: Germ., e.g. Goth. mag `can, is able, mag', Slav., e.g. OCS mogǫ, mošti, Russ. mogú, močь `can, be able' with Goth. mahts `power, Macht' etc. = OCS moštь, Russ. močь `id.'. Beside this ti-derivation stands in Germ. a n-formation in OHG magan, megin, OWNo. magn, megin `power, might', which may belong directly to μηχανή. Here also (with v. Windekens Lex. etym.) Toch. A mokats `mighty' (like tsop-ats `great' etc.). -- Diff. Prellwitz (as alternative), Fraenkel Lexis 2, 170 a. Wb. s.v.: to Lith. móku, mokė́ti `can, understand, pay' assuming a IE tenuis asp. kʰ; mag, mogǫ etc. are then classified diff. (to Lith. magù, -ė́ti `please, be pleasant', mė́gstu, mė́gti `love, like' etc.). To connect the last mentioned Lith. words also with μηχανή (W.-Hofmann s. mactus, Vasmer s. mogú) is, apart from the meaning, doubtful already because of the ablaut ē: ā one would have to assume. In 1998, 10f [MKNAW Afd. Lett. 61, 9] I pointed out that in Slavic a laryngeal cannot have been vocalized; so the Germ. and Slavic forms cannot go back to * mh₂gh-. The Greek word then remains isolated. The suffix - αν- is typical for Pre-Greek words; note still that Greek has no forms with *μαχ-. -- From Dor. μαχανά Lat. māchina, from μηχανή Pashto mēčan `handmill' (Morgenstierne Acta Or. 7, 200; 18, 143); on the meaning cf. VLat. māchina also `millstone, handmill', Alb. (through Illyrian) mókërë `millstone'. -- WP. 2, 227, Pok. 695; further W.-Hofmann, Vasmer and Fraenkel (s. above).Page in Frisk: 2,234-235Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μηχανή
См. также в других словарях:
for a song — {adv. phr.}, {informal} At a low price; for a bargain price; cheaply. * /He sold the invention for a song and its buyers were the ones who got rich./ * /They bought the house for a song and sold it a few years later at a good profit./ … Dictionary of American idioms
for a song — {adv. phr.}, {informal} At a low price; for a bargain price; cheaply. * /He sold the invention for a song and its buyers were the ones who got rich./ * /They bought the house for a song and sold it a few years later at a good profit./ … Dictionary of American idioms
Invention — An invention is a new form, composition of matter, device, or process. Some inventions are based on pre existing forms, compositions, processes or ideas. Other inventions are radical breakthroughs which may extend the boundaries of human… … Wikipedia
Invention of radio — Great Radio Controversy redirects here. For the album by the band Tesla, see The Great Radio Controversy. Contents 1 Physics of wireless signalling 2 Theory of electromagnetism … Wikipedia
invention — inventional, adj. inventionless, adj. /in ven sheuhn/, n. 1. the act of inventing. 2. U.S. Patent Law. a new, useful process, machine, improvement, etc., that did not exist previously and that is recognized as the product of some unique intuition … Universalium
for\ a\ song — adv. phr. informal At a low price; for a bargain price; cheaply. He sold the invention for a song and its buyers were the ones who got rich. They bought the house for a song and sold it a few years later at a good profit … Словарь американских идиом
Invention promotion firm — Invention promotion firms or invention submission firms provide services to inventors to help them develop or market their inventions. [ [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/documents/appxl 35 U S C 297.htm#usc35s297 35 USC 297(c)… … Wikipedia
Invention — In*ven tion, n. [L. inventio: cf. F. invention. See {Invent}.] [1913 Webster] 1. The act of finding out or inventing; contrivance or construction of that which has not before existed; as, the invention of logarithms; the invention of the art of… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Invention of the cross — Invention In*ven tion, n. [L. inventio: cf. F. invention. See {Invent}.] [1913 Webster] 1. The act of finding out or inventing; contrivance or construction of that which has not before existed; as, the invention of logarithms; the invention of… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
invention — in‧ven‧tion [ɪnˈvenʆn] noun 1. [countable] a new product that was not available before: • Do you realise that the paint roller is a Canadian invention? • There were displays of new inventions in the exhibition halls. 2. [uncountable] when… … Financial and business terms
For Want of a Nail (novel) — For the proverb, see For Want of a Nail (proverb). For Want of a Nail … Wikipedia
